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	<title>Hedging Options &#187; Currency</title>
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		<title>Hedging â What is It, and Itâs Uses in Risk Management</title>
		<link>http://hedgingoptions.net/hedging-a%c2%80%c2%93-what-is-it-and-ita%c2%80%c2%99s-uses-in-risk-management</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Jan 2010 19:27:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://hedgingoptions.net/hedging-a%c2%80%c2%93-what-is-it-and-ita%c2%80%c2%99s-uses-in-risk-management</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[



The second of a two part articleâ¦. Before I discuss the use of hedging to off-set risk, we need to understand the role and the purpose of hedging. The history of modern futures trading begins in Chicago in the early 1800âs. Chicago is located at the base of the Great Lakes, close to the farmlands [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The second of a two part articleâ¦. Before I discuss the use of hedging to off-set risk, we need to understand the role and the purpose of hedging. The history of modern futures trading begins in Chicago in the early 1800âs. Chicago is located at the base of the Great Lakes, close to the farmlands and cattle country of the U.S. Midwest making it a natural center for transportation, distribution and trading of agricultural produce. Gluts and shortages of these products caused chaotic fluctuations in price. This led to the development of a market enabling grain merchants, processors, and agriculture companies to trade in contracts to insulate them from the risk of adverse price change and enable them to hedge. The first commodity exchange was the creation of the Chicago Board of Trade, CBOT in 1848. Since then, modern derivative products have grown to include more than the agricultural industry. Products include Stock Indices, Interest Rates, Currency, Precious Metals, Oil and Gas, Steel and a host of others. The origins of the commodity and futures exchange was created to support hedging. The role of speculators is beneficial as they add trading volume and important volatility to what would otherwise be a small and illiquid market place. You can view a complete listing of the worlds different exchanges at: http://www.genuinecta.com/World_Exchanges_Commodities_Trading_Advisors.htm  A bona-fide hedger is someone with an actual product to buy or sell. The hedger establishes an off-setting position on the futures or commodity exchange, thereby instituting a set price for his product. Someone buying a hedge is known as being âLongâ or âTaking Deliveryâ. Someone selling a hedge is known as being âShortâ or âMaking Deliveryâ. These positions known as âContractsâ are legally binding and enforced by the exchange. Entering your trades either for speculation or hedging is done through your broker. Commodity Trading Advisor, Genuine Trading Solutions President Dwayne Strocen, states that âCommodity and Futures exchanges are distinct from Stock Exchanges, although they operate using the same principals. They are regulated by different agencies such as the Commodity Futures Trading Commission who are responsible for regulation of retail brokers in the USA as well as Commodity Trading Advisors such as us.â Now letâs view some real life examples of hedging or mitigation of risk by using exchange traded derivatives. Example 1: A mutual fund manager has a portfolio valued at $10 million closely resembling the S&amp;P 500 index. The Portfolio Manager believes the economy is worsening with deteriorating corporate returns. The next two to three weeks are reports of quarterly corporate earnings. Until the report exposes which companies have poor earnings, he is concerned of the results from a short term general market correction. Without the privilege of foresight, he is unsure of the magnitude the earnings figures will produce. He now has an exposure to Market Risk. The manager thinks of his options. The greatest risk is to do nothing, if the market falls as expected, he risks giving up all recent gains. If he sells his portfolio early, he also risks being wrong and missing further rallyâs. Selling also incurs substantial brokerage fees with additional fees to buy back again later. Then he realizes a hedge is the best option to mitigate his short term risk. He begins by calling his CTA (Commodity Trading Advisor) and after consultation places an order to sell short the equivalent of $10 million of the S&amp;P 500 index on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange âCMEâ. Now his result is when the market falls as expected, he will off-set any losses in the portfolio with gains from the Index hedge. Should the earnings report be better than expected, and his portfolio continues upward, he will continue making profits. Two weeks later the fund manager calls his CTA and closes the hedge by buying back the equivalent number of contracts on the CME. Regardless of the resulting market events, the mutual fund manager was protected during the period of short term volatility. There was no risk to the portfolio. Example 2: An electronics firm ABC has recently signed an order to deliver $5 million in electronic components of next years model to an overseas retailer located in Europe. These components will be built in 6 months for delivery two months after that. ABC instantly realizes they are exposed to two risks. 1. the rising and volatile price of copper in 6 months may result in losses to the firm. 2. the fluctuation in the currency could easily add to those losses. ABC being a young firm cannot absorb these losses in view of the highly competitive market from others in the field. Losses from this order would result in lay-offs and possibly plant closures. ABC telephones their CTA and after consultation places an order for two hedges, both for an expiry in 8 months, the date of delivery. Hedge #1 is to buy long $5 million of copper effectively locking in todayâs price against further price increases. ABC has now eliminated all price risk. The risk of plant closures is greater than the lure of increased profit should copper price fall. After all, ABC is not in the business of speculating on copper prices.  Hedge #2 is to sell short the equivalent of Euro Currency vs US Dollars. Since ABC is effectively accepting EC in payment, a rising US dollar and a weak EC would be detrimental and erode profits further. The result of the hedge is no risk and no surprises to ABC in either copper or currency levels. A risk free transaction and full transparency is the result. In 8 months with the order completed and the customer accepting delivery, ABC notifies the CTA to close the hedge by selling the copper and buying back the Euro Currency contacts. Many examples exist to demonstrate the mitigation of risk to an institution or financial portfolio. Dwayne Strocen states that new products are constantly created and available on both over-the counter and exchange traded markets. If would be wise to consult with a qualified Commodity Trading Advisor or broker to discuss the analysis for an on-going risk management solution or a one time only hedge. </p>
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		<title>Currency Derivatives: Pricing Theory, Exotic Options, and Hedging Applications (Kindle Edition)</title>
		<link>http://hedgingoptions.net/currency-derivatives-pricing-theory-exotic-options-and-hedging-applications-kindle-edition</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 08 Jan 2010 21:53:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Option Trading]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[




  A groundbreaking collection on currency derivatives, including pricing theory and hedging applications.      &#8220;David DeRosa has assembled an outstanding collection of works on foreign exchange derivatives. It surely will become required reading for both students and option traders.&#8221;—Mark B. Garman President, Financial Engineering Associates, Inc. Emeritus Professor, University of [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Currency-Derivatives-Pricing-Applications-ebook/dp/B001QFYPS6/ref=sr_1_12/187-0427595-2216010?ie=UTF8&#038;s=books&#038;qid=1259879391&#038;sr=8-12?ie=UTF8&#038;tag=optitradbasi-20"><img style="float:left;width: 150px;height:150px;margin-right: 10px;" src="http://g-ecx.images-amazon.com/images/G/01/nav2/dp/no-image-avail-img-map._V46862177_AA192_.gif" alt="Currency Derivatives: Pricing Theory, Exotic Options, and Hedging Applications" /></a></p>
<p>  A groundbreaking collection on currency derivatives, including pricing theory and hedging applications.      &#8220;David DeRosa has assembled an outstanding collection of works on foreign exchange derivatives. It surely will become required reading for both students and option traders.&#8221;—Mark B. Garman President, Financial Engineering Associates, Inc. Emeritus Professor, University of California, Berkeley.      &#8220;A comprehensive selection of the major references in currency option pricing.&#8221;—Nassim Taleb. Senior trading advisor, Paribas Author, Dynamic Hedging: Managing Vanilla and Exotic Options.      &#8220;A useful compilation of articles on currency derivatives, going from the essential to the esoteric.&#8221;—Philippe Jorion Professor of Finance, University of California, Irvine Author, Value at Risk: The New Benchmark for Controlling Market Risk.      Every investment practitioner knows of the enormous impact that the Black-Scholes option pricing model has had on investment an <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Currency-Derivatives-Pricing-Applications-ebook/dp/B001QFYPS6/ref=sr_1_12/187-0427595-2216010?ie=UTF8&#038;s=books&#038;qid=1259879391&#038;sr=8-12?ie=UTF8&#038;tag=optitradbasi-20" title="More at Amazon">(more&#8230;)</a></p>
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		<title>Forex Options Trading &#8211; 9 Reasons on Why You Must Trade Forex (part 1 of 2)</title>
		<link>http://hedgingoptions.net/forex-options-trading-9-reasons-on-why-you-must-trade-forex-part-1-of-2</link>
		<comments>http://hedgingoptions.net/forex-options-trading-9-reasons-on-why-you-must-trade-forex-part-1-of-2#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 04 Dec 2009 09:17:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Option Trading]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://hedgingoptions.net/forex-options-trading-9-reasons-on-why-you-must-trade-forex-part-1-of-2</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In the late 90&#8217;s, many financial company dominated the Forex Exchange Market. In the past several years the Forex Exchange Market has show a dramatic development. Nowadays private company are offering access to the Forex Market via internet data feed trading platform. 
Private investors are going into Forex Market, with access to the same market [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In the late 90&#8217;s, many financial company dominated the Forex Exchange Market. In the past several years the Forex Exchange Market has show a dramatic development. Nowadays private company are offering access to the Forex Market via internet data feed trading platform. </p>
<p>Private investors are going into Forex Market, with access to the same market data and tools used by bank, hedge funds company and professional traders. </p>
<p>Below here is 9 reason on why you must trade Forex. </p>
<p>1.	Round the clock trading </p>
<p>The forex market is unique in that it is open 24 hours nearly 7 days a week. The market opens when the New Zealand and Australia markets open and closes when the US market closes. Due to the difference in time zone, it would seem that the forex markets are opened always. </p>
<p>2.	No need to choose from too many counters </p>
<p>Unlike equities, in forex you would only need to understand the minimum of 1 pair of currencies and concentrate on it. Whereas for stocks and shares, before you can start understanding the equity you would have to sieve through thousands of companies before you can start to concentrate on trading them. </p>
<p>3.	Liquidity </p>
<p>As the forex market is the biggest around, it is very liquid. Average daily turnover rose to $3.2 trillion in April 2007. Given its size, buyers and sellers can easily get their orders matched swiftly and easily. Whereas in the equity markets, one would have to wait for their orders to be matched especially if it concerns a stock that is not very well traded. </p>
<p>4.	Good Leverage </p>
<p>In forex, you are able to obtain leverage up to 200:1 or even more depending on the broker. This means a minimum deposit of USD 500 can allow a trader to open a position size of 100,000 to trade. No other markets give you this advantage. However, do note that leverage can be a double-edged sword too. </p>
<p>Stay tune to the Forex Options Trading &#8211; 9 Reasons on Why You Must Trade Forex (Part 2 of 2) </p>
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		<title>Forex Options Trading &#8211; What is Forex? (part 1 of 2)</title>
		<link>http://hedgingoptions.net/forex-options-trading-what-is-forex-part-1-of-2</link>
		<comments>http://hedgingoptions.net/forex-options-trading-what-is-forex-part-1-of-2#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 29 Nov 2009 20:27:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://hedgingoptions.net/forex-options-trading-what-is-forex-part-1-of-2</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Forex or foreign Exchange or FX involves the buying and selling of one currency against another currency. They are always traded in pairs e.g. EUR/USD, USD/JPY. So when you are buying Euro dollars (EUR) you are also selling the US dollars (USD) in exchange for the Euro dollars. If you want to buy US dollars [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Forex or foreign Exchange or FX involves the buying and selling of one currency against another currency. They are always traded in pairs e.g. EUR/USD, USD/JPY. So when you are buying Euro dollars (EUR) you are also selling the US dollars (USD) in exchange for the Euro dollars. If you want to buy US dollars then you would sell the Euro dollars in exchange for buying the US dollars. </p>
<p>An example that we would encounter frequently is when we travel overseas and need to exchange the local currency for the foreign destination currency and we would head to the local money changer or bank to buy the foreign currency. This is a good example that we are familiar with. </p>
<p>By buying and selling currencies at the money changer or bank we are already involved in this huge foreign exchange market. Banks and central banks, investment funds, hedge funds, exporters and importers, companies and retail forex traders are among the main participants in the forex market. </p>
<p>Banks trade to generate profits and also act as buyers and sellers of one currency against another for their clients trading and commercial transaction. While central banks buy and sell currencies to hold as reserves and protect the reserves. They also act to moderate their country&#8217;s currency strength to facilitate reasonable terms of trade in the international markets for their exports and imports. </p>
<p>Investment funds have a percentage of their portfolio in the forex market for many reasons like diversification, hedging, etc. While most hedge funds will speculate on currencies as it is the biggest market in the world thus able to accommodate their large trading size which is quite difficult to do in the equities or futures market. </p>
<p>To be continue.. at &#8211; Forex Options Trading &#8211; What is Forex? (Part 2 of 2) </p>
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